A real life example - dependencies of c++ standard include file "complex" from Visual Studio 2010:
A free tool for viewing the include file dependencies (some call it include file hierarchies), removing unnecessary #include-s
from your source code, and reducing compilation time:
As use case consider an open source c++ project outliner.
Before using the "Include Dependencies Watcher" the #include graph has some unnecessary #includes:
After removing red #includes the project can be compiled successfully and the #include graph becomes more clear: